目錄
- 一、介紹
- 二、Python如何創(chuàng)建線程
- 三、線程的用法
- 3.1 確定當(dāng)前的線程
- 3.2 守護(hù)線程
- 3.3 控制資源訪問
一、介紹
線程是什么？線程有啥用？線程和進(jìn)程的區(qū)別是什么？
線程是操作系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行運(yùn)算調(diào)度的最小單位。被包含在進(jìn)程中，是進(jìn)程中的實(shí)際運(yùn)作單位。一條線程指的是進(jìn)程中一個(gè)單一順序的控制流，一個(gè)進(jìn)程中可以并發(fā)多個(gè)線程，每條線程并行執(zhí)行不同的任務(wù)。
二、Python如何創(chuàng)建線程
2.1 方法一：
創(chuàng)建Thread對(duì)象
步驟：
1.目標(biāo)函數(shù)
2.實(shí)例化Thread對(duì)象
3.調(diào)用start()方法
import threading
# 目標(biāo)函數(shù)1
def fun1(num):
for i in range(num):
print('線程1: 第%d次循環(huán):' % i)
# 目標(biāo)函數(shù)2
def fun2(lst):
for ele in lst:
print('線程2: lst列表中元素 %d' % ele)
def main():
num = 10
# 實(shí)例化Thread對(duì)象
# target參數(shù)一定為一個(gè)函數(shù)，且不帶括號(hào)
# args參數(shù)為元組類型，參數(shù)為一個(gè)時(shí)一定要加逗號(hào)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1, args=(num,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2, args=([1, 2, 3, 4, 5],))
# 調(diào)用start方法
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
2.2 方法二：
創(chuàng)建子類繼承threading.Thread類
import threading
import os
class Person(threading.Thread):
def run(self):
self.sing(5)
self.cook()
@staticmethod
def sing(num):
for i in range(num):
print('線程[%d]: The person sing %d song.' % (os.getpid(), i))
@staticmethod
def cook():
print('線程[%d]:The person has cooked breakfast.' % os.getpid())
def main():
p1 = Person()
p1.start()
p2 = Person()
p2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
三、線程的用法
3.1 確定當(dāng)前的線程
import threading
import time
import logging
def fun1():
print(threading.current_thread().getName(), 'starting')
time.sleep(0.2)
print(threading.current_thread().getName(), 'exiting')
def fun2():
# print(threading.current_thread().getName(), 'starting')
# time.sleep(0.3)
# print(threading.current_thread().getName(), 'exiting')
logging.debug('starting')
time.sleep(0.3)
logging.debug('exiting')
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='[%(levelname)s] (%(threadName)-10s) %(message)s'
)
def main():
t1 = threading.Thread(name='線程1', target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(name='線程2', target=fun2)
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3.2 守護(hù)線程
區(qū)別
- 普通線程：主線程等待子線程關(guān)閉后關(guān)閉
- 守護(hù)線程：管你子線程關(guān)沒關(guān)，主線程到時(shí)間就關(guān)閉
守護(hù)線程如何搞
- 方法1：構(gòu)造線程時(shí)傳入dameon=True
- 方法2：調(diào)用setDaemon()方法并提供參數(shù)True
import threading
import time
import logging
def daemon():
logging.debug('starting')
# 添加延時(shí)，此時(shí)主線程已經(jīng)退出，exiting不會(huì)打印
time.sleep(0.2)
logging.debug('exiting')
def non_daemon():
logging.debug('starting')
logging.debug('exiting')
logging.basicConfig(
level=logging.DEBUG,
format='[%(levelname)s] (%(threadName)-10s) %(message)s'
)
def main():
# t1 = threading.Thread(name='線程1', target=daemon)
# t1.setDaemon(True)
t1 = threading.Thread(name='線程1', target=daemon, daemon=True)
t2 = threading.Thread(name='線程2', target=non_daemon)
t1.start()
t2.start()
# 等待守護(hù)線程完成工作需要調(diào)用join()方法，默認(rèn)情況join會(huì)無限阻塞，可以傳入浮點(diǎn)值，表示超時(shí)時(shí)間
t1.join(0.2)
t2.join(0.1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
3.3 控制資源訪問
目的：
Python線程中資源共享，如果不對(duì)資源加上互斥鎖，有可能導(dǎo)致數(shù)據(jù)不準(zhǔn)確。
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
def fun1(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print('線程1 g_num = %d' % g_num)
def fun2(num):
global g_num
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
print('線程2 g_num = %d' % g_num)
def main():
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1, args=(1000000,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun1, args=(1000000,))
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
time.sleep(1)
print('主線程 g_num = %d' % g_num)
互斥鎖
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
L = threading.Lock()
def fun1(num):
global g_num
L.acquire()
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
L.release()
print('線程1 g_num = %d' % g_num)
def fun2(num):
global g_num
L.acquire()
for i in range(num):
g_num += 1
L.release()
print('線程2 g_num = %d' % g_num)
def main():
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1, args=(1000000,))
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun1, args=(1000000,))
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
time.sleep(1)
print('主線程 g_num = %d' % g_num)
互斥鎖引發(fā)的另一個(gè)問題：死鎖
死鎖產(chǎn)生的原理：
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
L1 = threading.Lock()
L2 = threading.Lock()
def fun1():
L1.acquire(timeout=5)
time.sleep(1)
L2.acquire()
print('產(chǎn)生死鎖，并不會(huì)打印信息')
L2.release()
L1.release()
def fun2():
L2.acquire(timeout=5)
time.sleep(1)
L1.acquire()
print('產(chǎn)生死鎖，并不會(huì)打印信息')
L1.release()
L2.release()
def main():
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2)
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
time.sleep(1)
print('主線程 g_num = %d' % g_num)
如何避免產(chǎn)生死鎖：
鎖超時(shí)操作
import threading
import time
g_num = 0
L1 = threading.Lock()
L2 = threading.Lock()
def fun1():
L1.acquire()
time.sleep(1)
L2.acquire(timeout=5)
print('超時(shí)異常打印信息1')
L2.release()
L1.release()
def fun2():
L2.acquire()
time.sleep(1)
L1.acquire(timeout=5)
print('超時(shí)異常打印信息2')
L1.release()
L2.release()
def main():
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2)
t1.start()
t2.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
time.sleep(1)
print('主線程 g_num = %d' % g_num)
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