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Oracle查詢(xún)sql錯(cuò)誤信息的控制和定位

在sqlplus中執(zhí)行的sql出錯(cuò)之后應(yīng)該如何處理和對(duì)應(yīng)，多行sql語(yǔ)句或者存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程的信息如何進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤定位，這篇文章將結(jié)合實(shí)例進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)明。

環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

使用Oracle的精簡(jiǎn)版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境，詳細(xì)可參看：

https://www.jb51.net/article/153533.htm

如何進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤定位

場(chǎng)景：

假如有3行insert的sql語(yǔ)句，中間一行出錯(cuò)之后，后續(xù)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的情況下，如何定位到第二行？

dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace

通過(guò)使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace可以得到ERROR at line xxx:的信息，這對(duì)我們較為有用，我們接下來(lái)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE EOF
> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
> desc student
> delete from student;
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> select * from student;
> commit;
> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:06:07 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
SQL> 
2 rows deleted.
SQL> 
no rows selected
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL> 
1 row created.
SQL> 
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
SQL> 
Commit complete.
SQL> 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，報(bào)錯(cuò)的時(shí)候提示了行號(hào)，但是行號(hào)是1，這是因?yàn)檫@種寫(xiě)法以一行為單位，自然是如此，如果是單個(gè)多行的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，將會(huì)更加清晰。

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated

所以我們將這個(gè)例子進(jìn)行改造，三行insert的sql放到文件之中，然后在使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace來(lái)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/sqltest1.sql 
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

然后在嘗試一下是否能夠確認(rèn)行號(hào)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)仍然不能精確定位：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/abcd1234@XE EOF
> SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
> @/tmp/sqltest1.sql
> exec dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 13:08:27 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name    Null?  Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 STUID    NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
 STUNAME     VARCHAR2(50)
2 rows deleted.
no rows selected
1 row created.
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
1 row created.
   STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
   1001 liumiaocn
   1003 michael
Commit complete.
SQL> 
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

因?yàn)閐bms_utility.format_error_backtrace更多的場(chǎng)景是在于存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程的錯(cuò)誤定位，接下來(lái)我們使用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程例子來(lái)進(jìn)行確認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤行號(hào)定位, 先看一個(gè)正常的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，把上面的內(nèi)容稍微修改一下：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql 
create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents
IS
student_count number;
BEGIN
delete from student;
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
END;
/
exec addstudents();
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

結(jié)果執(zhí)行信息如下

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 EOF
set serveroutput on;
@/tmp/addstudent.sql 
EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:42:11 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> 
Procedure created.
sql set count before :0
sql set count after :3
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

接下來(lái)我們修改一下內(nèi)容，使得第二行主鍵重復(fù)

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql
create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents
IS
student_count number;
BEGIN
delete from student;
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
END;
/
exec addstudents();
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

再次執(zhí)行，自然會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但是可以看到，正確報(bào)出了所在行數(shù)，這是procedure的機(jī)制提示的信息

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 EOF
set serveroutput on;
@/tmp/addstudent.sql 
EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:44:25 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> 
Procedure created.
sql set count before :0
BEGIN addstudents(); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

可以看到，ORA-06512: at “SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS”, line 10的信息就是我們期待的信息，提示出在這個(gè)存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程的第10行執(zhí)行出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，而實(shí)際可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace結(jié)合exception給出更為清晰地方式，比如：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ cat /tmp/addstudent.sql 
create or replace PROCEDURE addstudents
IS
student_count number;
BEGIN
delete from student;
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count before :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select count(*) into student_count from student;
dbms_output.put('sql set count after :');
dbms_output.put_line(student_count);
exception
when others then
dbms_output.put('exception happend with line info : ');
dbms_output.put_line(dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace);
END;
/
exec addstudents();
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

執(zhí)行結(jié)果確認(rèn)：

oracle@e871d42341c0:~$ sqlplus system/liumiao123 EOF
set serveroutput on;
@/tmp/addstudent.sql 
EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Mon Oct 22 04:49:27 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> 
Procedure created.
sql set count before :0
exception happend with line info : ORA-06512: at "SYSTEM.ADDSTUDENTS", line 10
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
oracle@e871d42341c0:~$

這樣則可以看出能夠比較清晰地進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤的定位了，但是由于功能受限，所以實(shí)際使用場(chǎng)景仍然較為有限，但是定位存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程的信息則可以使用dbms_utility.format_error_backtrace等進(jìn)行確認(rèn)。

小結(jié)

多行sql執(zhí)行定位可以考慮拆成單行來(lái)確認(rèn)，而存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程則可結(jié)合format_error_backtrace等進(jìn)行確認(rèn)以提供問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的所在行號(hào)。

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