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keepalived+nginx高可用實現(xiàn)方法示例

1.keepalived介紹

keepalived最初是專為LVS負(fù)載均衡軟件設(shè)計的，用來管理并監(jiān)控LVS集群系統(tǒng)中各個服務(wù)節(jié)點的狀態(tài)，后來又加入了實現(xiàn)高可用的VRRP功能。keepalived除了能夠管理LVS軟件外，還能支持其他服務(wù)的高可用解決方案。

keepalived通過VRRP協(xié)議實現(xiàn)高可用功能的。VRRP（Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol）虛擬路由冗余協(xié)議。VRRP出現(xiàn)的目的就是為了解決靜態(tài)路由單點故障問題，它能保證當(dāng)個別節(jié)點宕機時，整個網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以不間斷地運行。

2.keepalived高可用故障轉(zhuǎn)移原理

keepalived高可用服務(wù)之間的故障轉(zhuǎn)移，是通過VRRP來實現(xiàn)的。在keepalived服務(wù)工作時，主Master節(jié)點會不斷地向備節(jié)點發(fā)送（多播的方式）心跳消息，用來告訴備Backup節(jié)點自己還活著。

　　當(dāng)主節(jié)點發(fā)生故障時，無法給備節(jié)點發(fā)送心跳消息，如果備節(jié)點無法繼續(xù)檢測到來自主節(jié)點的心跳。就會調(diào)用自身的接管程序，接管主節(jié)點的IP資源和服務(wù)。當(dāng)主節(jié)點恢復(fù)時，備節(jié)點又會釋放主節(jié)點故障時自身接管的IP資源和服務(wù)，恢復(fù)到原來的備用角色

3.安裝nginx

3.1.主節(jié)點（192.168.80.22）

3.1.1.安裝編譯工具和庫文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel

3.1.2.安裝pcre

#進入目錄
cd /usr/local/develop/anginx

#上傳安裝文件并解壓
tar -zxvf pcre-8.38.tar.gz

#進入安裝目錄
cd pcre-8.38

#檢查配置
./configure

#編譯、安裝
make && make install

#查看pcre版本
pcre-config --version

3.1.3.安裝nginx

#進入目錄
cd /usr/local/develop/anginx

#上傳安裝文件，并解壓
tar -zxvf nginx-1.8.1.tar.gz

#進入安裝目錄
cd nginx-1.8.1

#檢查配置
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/develop/anginx/pcre-8.38

#編譯安裝
make && make install

#查看nginx版本
 /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
--------------------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 webserver]# /usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.8.1

#配置nginx（檢查）
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

#nginx管理命令
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx       # 啟動 Nginx
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop       # 停止 Nginx
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload      # 重新載入配置文件
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen      # 重啟 Nginx

3.1.4.nginx基礎(chǔ)配置

vi nginx.conf

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

pid    logs/nginx.pid;


events {
  worker_connections 1024;
}


http {
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
           '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
           '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  access_log logs/access.log main;

  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;

  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;

  #gzip on;
  
  #添加tomcat列表，真實應(yīng)用服務(wù)器都放在這
  upstream tomcat_pool{
    #server tomcat地址:端口號 weight表示權(quán)值，權(quán)值越大，被分配的幾率越大;
    server 192.168.80.22:8080 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    server 192.168.80.22:8081 weight=4 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;
    
  }

  server {
    listen    80;
    server_name tomcat_pool;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;

    location / {
      #root  html;
      #index index.html index.htm;
      proxy_pass http://tomcat_pool;  #轉(zhuǎn)向tomcat處理
      proxy_set_header  Host       $host;
      proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP    $remote_addr;
      proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }

    #error_page 404       /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }


}

3.2.備節(jié)點（192.168.80.21）

說明：安裝方式同nginx主節(jié)點。

4.安裝keepalived

4.1.主節(jié)點（192.168.80.22）

#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y

#啟動keepalived服務(wù)
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived：                   [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15723   1 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15724 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15725 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#

#設(shè)置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local

#關(guān)閉keepalived服務(wù)
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop

#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

-----------------------------------------------------------
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
  notification_email {
   acassen@firewall.loc
   failover@firewall.loc
   sysadmin@firewall.loc
  }
  notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
  smtp_server 192.168.200.1
  smtp_connect_timeout 30
  router_id lb01
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state MASTER
  interface eth1
  virtual_router_id 55
  priority 150
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass server123
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
  }
}
...........................................................

關(guān)于配置說明：

【router_id】是路由標(biāo)識，在一個局域網(wǎng)里面應(yīng)該是唯一的
- 【vrrp_instance VI_1】{...}這是一個VRRP實例，里面定義了keepalived的主備狀態(tài)、接口、優(yōu)先級、認(rèn)證和IP信息
- 【state】定義了VRRP的角色
- 【interface】定義使用的接口，這里我的服務(wù)器用的網(wǎng)卡都是eth1
- 【virtual_router_id】是虛擬路由ID標(biāo)識，一組的keepalived配置中主備都是設(shè)置一致
- 【priority】是優(yōu)先級，數(shù)字越大，優(yōu)先級越大，
- 【auth_type】是認(rèn)證方式
- 【auth_pass】是認(rèn)證的密碼
【virtual_ipaddress】｛...｝定義虛擬IP地址，可以配置多個IP地址，這里我定義為192.168.80.100，綁定了eth1的網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口，虛擬接口eth1:1

4.2.備節(jié)點（192.168.80.21）

#安裝keepalived
yum install keepalived -y

#啟動keepalived服務(wù)
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start
正在啟動 keepalived：                   [確定]
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15723   1 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15724 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15725 15723 0 00:59 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15731 15622 0 00:59 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#

#設(shè)置開機自啟動
echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >>/etc/rc.local

#關(guān)閉keepalived服務(wù)
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop

#編輯keepalived配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

-----------------------------------------------------------------
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
  notification_email {
   acassen@firewall.loc
   failover@firewall.loc
   sysadmin@firewall.loc
  }
  notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
  smtp_server 192.168.200.1
  smtp_connect_timeout 30
  router_id lb02
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
  state BACKUP
  interface eth1
  virtual_router_id 55
  priority 100
  advert_int 1
  authentication {
    auth_type PASS
    auth_pass server123
  }
  virtual_ipaddress {
    192.168.80.100 dev eth1 label eth1:1
  }
}
.............................................................

5.測試

5.1.啟動主備節(jié)點的keepalived服務(wù)

#在節(jié)點一執(zhí)行（192.168.80.22）
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
-------------------------------------
[root@hadoop02 anginx]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   15788   1 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15790 15788 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15791 15788 0 01:09 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   15807 15622 0 01:33 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop02 anginx]#


#在節(jié)點二執(zhí)行（192.168.80.21）
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
---------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root   11542   1 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11544 11542 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11545 11542 0 01:30 ?    00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root   11550 11512 0 01:33 pts/1  00:00:00 grep keepalived
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

5.2.通過虛ip訪問服務(wù)

http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/

5.3.停止主節(jié)點keepalived服務(wù)

#在節(jié)點一執(zhí)行（192.168.80.22）
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop

#觀察備節(jié)點變化
ip addr
-------------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1
  inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1
  inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hadoop01 ~]#

5.4.繼續(xù)通過虛ip訪問服務(wù)

http://192.168.80.100/session-redis-demo/

6.keepalived+nginx整合

說明：編寫nginx守護腳本，如果nginx服務(wù)出現(xiàn)故障，則停止當(dāng)前節(jié)點的keepalived服務(wù)。自動切換到備用節(jié)點。

6.1.編寫nginx守護腳本

vi nginx_check.sh

--------------------------------------
#!/bin/bash
while true
do
if [ $(netstat -tlnp|grep nginx|wc -l) -ne 1 ]
then
  /etc/init.d/keepalived stop
fi
sleep 2
done

#給腳本授權(quán)
chmod u+x nginx_check.sh

#執(zhí)行腳本
nohup /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh &

6.2.停止主節(jié)點nginx服務(wù)

#停止主節(jié)點nginx服務(wù)
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop

#查找進程
[root@hadoop02 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root   15915   1 0 01:51 ?    00:00:00 /bin/bash /usr/local/develop/anginx/shell/nginx_check.sh
root   16516 15753 0 01:54 pts/5  00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@hadoop02 ~]#

#觀察備用節(jié)點變化【服務(wù)正?！?
ip addr
--------------------------------------
[root@hadoop01 shell]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
  link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
  inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
  inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
  link/ether 00:50:56:38:e5:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
  inet 192.168.80.21/24 brd 192.168.80.255 scope global eth1
  inet 192.168.80.100/32 scope global eth1:1
  inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe38:e546/64 scope link 
    valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@hadoop01 shell]#

#再次重新啟動主節(jié)點nginx和keepalived服務(wù)
/usr/local/develop/anginx/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

/etc/init.d/keepalived start

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