Powershell將信息存儲(chǔ)在對(duì)象中，每個(gè)對(duì)象都會(huì)有一個(gè)具體的類(lèi)型，簡(jiǎn)單的文本會(huì)以System.String類(lèi)型存儲(chǔ)，日期會(huì)以System.DateTime類(lèi)型存儲(chǔ)。任何.NET對(duì)象都可以通過(guò)GetType()方法返回它的類(lèi)型，該類(lèi)型中有一個(gè)FullName屬性，可以查看類(lèi)型的完整名稱(chēng)。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> $date=get-date
PS C:Powershell> $date
2012年1月11日 15:19:49
PS C:Powershell> $date.GetType().FullName
System.DateTime
每一個(gè)類(lèi)型都 可以包含一些靜態(tài)的方法，可以通過(guò)方括號(hào)和類(lèi)型名稱(chēng)得到類(lèi)型對(duì)象本身，然后通過(guò)Get-Memeber命令查看該類(lèi)型支持的所有靜態(tài)方法。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime] | Get-Member -static -memberType *Method
TypeName: System.DateTime
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Compare Method static int Compare(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
DaysInMonth Method static int DaysInMonth(int year, int month)
Equals Method static bool Equals(System.DateTime t1, System.Dat...
FromBinary Method static System.DateTime FromBinary(long dateData)
FromFileTime Method static System.DateTime FromFileTime(long fileTime)
FromFileTimeUtc Method static System.DateTime FromFileTimeUtc(long fileT...
FromOADate Method static System.DateTime FromOADate(double d)
IsLeapYear Method static bool IsLeapYear(int year)
Parse Method static System.DateTime Parse(string s), static Sy...
ParseExact Method static System.DateTime ParseExact(string s, strin...
ReferenceEquales Method static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Object objA, S...
SpecifyKind Method static System.DateTime SpecifyKind(System.DateTim...
TryParse Method static bool TryParse(string s, System.DateTime, ...
TryParseExact Method static bool TryParseExact(string s, string format...
System.DateTime類(lèi)支持的靜態(tài)方法非常實(shí)用
使用Parse方法將一個(gè)字符串轉(zhuǎn)換成DateTime類(lèi)：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [System.DateTime]::Parse("2012-10-13 23:42:55")
2012年10月13日 23:42:55
使用isLeapYear方法判斷閏年
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
#1988年是閏年嗎？
[System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear(1988)
#打印1988到2000年的所有閏年
for($year=1988;$year -le 2000;$year++)
{
if( [System.DateTime]::IsLeapYear($year) ){$year}
}
True
1988
1992
1996
2000
另一個(gè)常用的類(lèi)為Math類(lèi)，在Math類(lèi)中定義了很多實(shí)用的靜態(tài)方法：
例如求絕對(duì)值，三角函數(shù)，取整：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Abs(-10.89)
10.89
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Sin([Math]::PI/2)
1
PS C:Powershell> [Math]::Truncate(2012.7765)
2012
查看感興趣的.NET類(lèi)型
.NET支持成千上萬(wàn)的類(lèi)型，有了這些類(lèi)型可以做許多事情，幸運(yùn)的是Powershell恰好支持這些類(lèi)型。
對(duì)象類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換
例如使用System.Net.IPAddress類(lèi)將字符串IP地址轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)IPAddress實(shí)例
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Net.IPAddress]'10.3.129.71'
Address : 1199637258
AddressFamily : InterNetwork
ScopeId :
IsIPv6Multicast : False
IsIPv6LinkLocal : False
IsIPv6SiteLocal : False
IPAddressToString : 10.3.129.71
調(diào)用靜態(tài)的方法
同樣是System.Net.IPAddress類(lèi)，根據(jù)IP地址查看主機(jī)名，8.8.8.8是谷歌的免費(fèi)DNS服務(wù)器
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [system.Net.Dns]::GetHostByAddress('8.8.8.8') | fl
HostName : google-public-dns-a.google.com
Aliases : {}
AddressList : {8.8.8.8}
根據(jù)類(lèi)型創(chuàng)建實(shí)例
下面演示通過(guò)$webClient類(lèi)的DownloadFile方法下載文件:
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> $localName="C:Powershellindex.php"
PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
False
PS C:Powershell> $add="http://www.mossfly.com/index.php"
PS C:Powershell> $webClient=New-Object Net.WebClient
PS C:Powershell> $webClient.DownloadFile($add,$localName)
PS C:Powershell> Test-Path $localName
True
查看程序集
.NET中的類(lèi)型定義在不同的程序集中，首先得知道當(dāng)前程序已經(jīng)加載了那些程序集。AppDomain類(lèi)可以完成這個(gè)需求，因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)靜態(tài)成員CurrentDomain，CurrentDomain中有一個(gè)GetAssemblies()方法。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain
FriendlyName : DefaultDomain
Id : 1
ApplicationDescription :
BaseDirectory : C:WINDOWSsystem32WindowsPowerShellv1.0
DynamicDirectory :
RelativeSearchPath :
SetupInformation : System.AppDomainSetup
ShadowCopyFiles : False
PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies()
GAC Version Location
--- ------- --------
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem2.0.0.0__b77a5c561...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Core3.5.0.0__b77a...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration.Inst...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Transactions2.0.0.0...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True v2.0 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Cons...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Xml2.0.0.0__b77a5...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management2.0.0.0...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.DirectoryServices...
True v2.0 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Management.Automat...
True v2.0 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.WSMan.Managemen...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsMicrosoft.NETFrameworkv2.0.50727mscorlib...
True v2.0 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Secu...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_32System.Data2.0.0.0__b77a5c...
True v2.0 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.PowerShell.Comm...
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILSystem.Configuration2.0....
True v2.0.50727 C:WindowsassemblyGAC_MSILMicrosoft.JScript8.0.0.0...
搜索指定類(lèi)型
查詢(xún)每個(gè)程序集中的方法可是使用GetExportedTypes() 方法。因?yàn)樵S多程序集中包含了大量的方法，在搜索時(shí)最好指定關(guān)鍵字。下面的代碼演示如何查找包含”environment”關(guān)鍵字的類(lèi)型。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { $_.FullName }
System.EnvironmentVariableTarget
System.Environment
System.Environment+SpecialFolder
System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeEnvironment
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAccess
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermission
System.Security.Permissions.EnvironmentPermissionAttribute
Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.EnvironmentProvider
上面搜索到的類(lèi)型有一個(gè)為：System.Environment類(lèi)，System.Environment類(lèi)可以做很多事情，可以先查看以下System.Environment類(lèi)的所有靜態(tài)方法。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Environment] | Get-Member -Static
TypeName: System.Environment
Name MemberType Definition
---- ---------- ----------
Equals Method static bool Equals(System.Object objA,
Exit Method static System.Void Exit(int exitCode)
ExpandEnvironmentVariables Method static string ExpandEnvironmentVariabl
FailFast Method static System.Void FailFast(string mes
GetCommandLineArgs Method static string[] GetCommandLineArgs()
GetEnvironmentVariable Method static string GetEnvironmentVariable(s
GetEnvironmentVariables Method static System.Collections.IDictionary
GetFolderPath Method static string GetFolderPath(System.Env
GetLogicalDrives Method static string[] GetLogicalDrives()
ReferenceEquals Method static bool ReferenceEquals(System.Obj
SetEnvironmentVariable Method static System.Void SetEnvironmentVaria
CommandLine Property static System.String CommandLine {get;
CurrentDirectory Property static System.String CurrentDirectory
ExitCode Property static System.Int32 ExitCode {get;set;
HasShutdownStarted Property static System.Boolean HasShutdownStart
MachineName Property static System.String MachineName {get;
NewLine Property static System.String NewLine {get;}
OSVersion Property static System.OperatingSystem OSVersio
ProcessorCount Property static System.Int32 ProcessorCount {ge
StackTrace Property static System.String StackTrace {get;}
SystemDirectory Property static System.String SystemDirectory {
TickCount Property static System.Int32 TickCount {get;}
UserDomainName Property static System.String UserDomainName {g
UserInteractive Property static System.Boolean UserInteractive
UserName Property static System.String UserName {get;}
Version Property static System.Version Version {get;}
WorkingSet Property static System.Int64 WorkingSet {get;}
例如System.Environment中的屬性輸出當(dāng)前登錄域、用戶(hù)名、機(jī)器名：
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserDomainName
MyHome
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::UserName
xiaoming
PS C:Powershell> [Environment]::MachineName
LocalHost
搜索方法
下面的例子演示如何根據(jù)指定關(guān)鍵字”Address”,搜索方法。
復(fù)制代碼 代碼如下:
[AppDomain]::CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() | ForEach-Object { $_.GetExportedTypes() } | ForEach-Object { $_.getmembers() } | Where-Object { $_.isStatic} | Where-Object { $_ -like $searchtext } | ForEach-Object { "[{0}]::{1} --> {2}" -f $_.declaringtype, $_.toString().SubString($_.toString().IndexOf(" ")+1), $_.ReturnType }
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> System.Net.IPAddress
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IsLoopback(System.Net.IPAddress) --> System.Boolean
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::Broadcast -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Any -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6Loopback -->
[System.Net.IPAddress]::IPv6None -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unknown -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unspecified -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Unix -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetwork -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::ImpLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Pup -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Chaos -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NS -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ipx -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Iso -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Osi -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ecma -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataKit -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ccitt -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Sna -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DecNet -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::DataLink -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Lat -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::HyperChannel -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::AppleTalk -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetBios -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::VoiceView -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::FireFox -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Banyan -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Atm -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::InterNetworkV6 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Cluster -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Ieee12844 -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Irda -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::NetworkDesigners -->
[System.Net.Sockets.AddressFamily]::Max -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::GetBroadcastAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListQuery -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListChange -->
[System.Net.Sockets.IOControlCode]::AddressListSort -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::DestinationAddressRequired -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressFamilyNotSupported -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressAlreadyInUse -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketError]::AddressNotAvailable -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ReuseAddress -->
[System.Net.Sockets.SocketOptionName]::ExclusiveAddressUse -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Invalid -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Tentative -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Duplicate -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Deprecated -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.DuplicateAddressDetectionState]::Preferred -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::add_NetworkAddressChanged(System
.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkChange]::remove_NetworkAddressChanged(Sys
tem.Net.NetworkInformation.NetworkAddressChangedEventHandler) --> System.Void
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::Parse(System.String) --> Syste
m.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.PhysicalAddress]::None -->
[System.Net.NetworkInformation.SuffixOrigin]::LinkLayerAddress -->
[System.DirectoryServices.ActiveDirectory.ActiveDirectorySyntax]::PresentationA
ddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::DoesNotHaveAnAddress -->
[Microsoft.JScript.JSError]::WrongUseOfAddressOf -->
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