一.Linux的硬盤識別
2.6 kernel以后,linux會將識別到的硬件設備,在/dev/下建立相應的設備文件.如:
sda 表示第1塊SCSI硬盤.
hda 表示第1塊IDE硬盤(即連接在第1個IDE接口的Master口上).
scd0 表示第1個USB光驅.
當添加了新硬盤后,在/dev目錄下會有相應的設備文件產生.cciss的硬盤是個例外,它的
設備文件在/dev/cciss/目錄下.一般使用”fdisk -l”命令可以列出系統(tǒng)中當前連接的硬盤
設備和分區(qū)信息.新硬盤沒有分區(qū)信息,則只顯示硬盤大小信息.
二.在linux系統(tǒng)中添加新硬盤
下面說明一下,在GTES 11上,添加一塊10G硬盤到第一個IDE口的Slave接口上.
安裝好硬盤后,開機進入Turbolinux.以root身份登錄.
執(zhí)行fdisk -l命令顯示當前系統(tǒng)的硬盤設備.
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 14 89 610470 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda3 90 2610 20249932+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/hdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@g11-64-1 ~]#
顯示hdb沒有分區(qū)信息,大小為10G.
使用fdisk命令對hdb進行分區(qū).
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/hdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
輸入: n 表示新建分區(qū).
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
輸入: p 表示建立一個原始分區(qū).
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
輸入: 1 表示此分區(qū)編號為1.
First cylinder (1-1305, default 1):
輸入: 回車 表示使用默認起始柱面號.
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305):
輸入: 回車 表示使用默認結束柱面號.即此分區(qū)使用整個硬盤空間.
Using default value 1305
Command (m for help): w
輸入: w 存盤,退出fdisk.
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
再使用fdisk -l命令查看分區(qū)情況.
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/hda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/hda2 14 89 610470 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda3 90 2610 20249932+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/hdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/hdb1 1 1305 10482381 83 Linux
顯示/dev/hdb上有一個hdb1分區(qū),為linux格式.
分區(qū)后,需要對這個分區(qū)進行格式化.
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/hdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
1310720 inodes, 2620595 blocks
131029 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2684354560
80 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
將新建分區(qū)掛在到/mnt/hdb1上.
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# mount /dev/hdb1 /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 19G 8.2G 9.7G 46% /
/dev/hda1 99M 16M 79M 17% /boot
tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdb1 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]#
hdb1已掛載到/mnt/hdb1上,剩余空間為9.2G.
在此分區(qū)上創(chuàng)建文件.
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# cd /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls > a
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# ls -hl
total 20K
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Nov 3 08:45 a
drwx------ 2 root root 16K Nov 3 08:44 lost+found
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]#
卸載hdb1分區(qū).
[root@g11-64-1 hdb1]# cd
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# umount /mnt/hdb1
[root@g11-64-1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/hda3 19G 8.2G 9.7G 46% /
/dev/hda1 99M 16M 79M 17% /boot
tmpfs 250M 0 250M 0% /dev/shm
[root@g11-64-1 ~]#
三.設置新硬盤開機自動掛載
在/etc/fstab中添加新硬盤的掛載信息.添加下面一行:
/dev/hdb1 /mnt/hdb1 ext3 defaults 1 2
這樣,每次開機后,系統(tǒng)會自動將/dev/hdb1掛載到/mnt/hdb1上.
